Procedures

1. Font

• Use Times New Roman, 12-point font throughout the main text.
• Maintain the same font style and size consistently throughout the paper, except where different sizes are specifically required for headings, footnotes, or other elements.

2. Footnotes

• Use 10-point Times New Roman font for footnotes.
• Footnotes should be single-spaced.
• Align footnote text to the left.
• Indent the first line of each footnote by 0.5 inch.
• Use a hanging indent for subsequent lines of the same footnote.
• Do not leave additional blank lines between individual footnotes.

3. Line Spacing

• The main text should be double-spaced.
• Block quotations, footnotes, bibliography entries, and other elements should follow the single spacing requirements specified in the institution's Turabian/Chicago guidelines.

4. Margins

• Top: 1.0 inch
• Bottom: 1.0 inch
• Left/Inside: 1.5 inches
• Right/Outside: 1.0 inch

The wider left/inside margin is required to allow for binding.

5. Text Alignment

• The main body of the paper should be justified, with text aligned evenly along both the left and right margins.
• Footnotes should be left-aligned.

6. Paragraphs

• Indent the first line of each paragraph by 0.5 inch.
• Paragraphs should be developed according to the content and logical flow of the argument rather than being restricted to a fixed number of lines.
• Avoid unnecessary one-sentence paragraphs and excessively long paragraphs.
• Do not insert an additional blank line between paragraphs when using double spacing.

7. Headings and Subheadings

Headings should be clear, consistent, and logically numbered throughout the paper.

• Main Headings: ALL CAPITAL LETTERS.
• Subheadings: Capitalize the First Letter of Each Major Word.
• Each heading should be one font size larger than the main text, unless otherwise specified by the institution.
• Headings should be consistently formatted at each level.

Heading Structure

The following numbering system should be used:

Students should avoid using unnecessary levels of headings. Headings should be used only when they contribute to the clear organization of the paper.

8. Page Numbers

• Page numbers should appear in the bottom-right corner of the page.
• Preliminary pages should use lowercase Roman numerals: i, ii, iii, iv, v…
• The main body of the paper should use Arabic numerals: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…
• The title page should be included in the page sequence but normally should not display a page number, according to the institution's prescribed format.

9. Paper Length

Academic research papers should normally be 10–15 pages, excluding the Title Page and Bibliography, unless the instructor specifies a different length.

10. Required Components

A standard academic paper should include the following components, as applicable:

1. Title Page
2. Table of Contents
3. Introduction
4. Main Body
5. Footnotes
6. Conclusion
7. Bibliography

The organization of the main body may vary according to the subject and nature of the research. Students should follow the specific instructions provided by the course instructor or research supervisor.

11. General Formatting Requirement

Students are responsible for ensuring that the entire paper follows the prescribed academic format consistently. Failure to follow the required formatting, citation, footnote, and bibliography guidelines may affect the academic evaluation of the paper.